BENDULA ANIL KUMAR

There is a good reason why computer science is a popular field of study all across the world. There is always a demand for computer scientists who can think outside the box and come up with new and better methods to use technology. There are currently computer science programs at nearly every university in Canada. There is, however, the challenge of deciding which colleges have the best programs to choose from. We’ve compiled a list of Canada’s best computer science universities to make your decision a little easier.

Why Study Computer Science in Canada?

Let’s have a look at some compelling arguments in favor of pursuing a degree in computer science after high school in Canada.

• World Class Education: International students seeking to study computer science in Canada benefit from the country’s strong educational system and top-notch faculty. According to QS World Rankings, the best computer science bachelor’s degree programs
• Research Opportunities: Canada’s internationally recognized research center offers many opportunities to work in various research laboratories, including robotics, bioinformatics, and novel interface design, which utilizes numerous mathematics and nature from nature to solve computing problems, among other areas of research.
• Career Opportunities: The number of employment openings in the IT industry is rising, making it a popular career choice for college students. According to the 2018 Canadian ICT industry profile, the country’s IT sector employs more than 6,52,000 workers in the Information Technology sector.

Course Structure

If you’re one of the many students who aim to study computer science in Canada after graduating from high school, you’ll need to familiarize yourself with the course structure of Bachelor’s Computer Science programs in Canada.

• Course Duration: In Canada, a bachelor’s degree in computer science might take anywhere from three to four years to complete. Canadian institutions also offer Computer Science Bachelor programs with majors, specialties, and co-op, which offers a wide range of supplementary courses and internship options for students.
• Content: Canada’s Bachelor of Science in Computer Science (BSc in Computer Engineering) is an engineering degree that focuses on computer science. Content includes algorithm analysis, computer graphics, and human-computer interface; database ideas; encryption and cryptographic systems as well as software engineering, among other things.
• Alternatives: Additionally, you may be able to pursue a Bachelor of Computer Science (BCS) degree in an alternative field, such as a Bachelor of Science (BSc) or Bachelor of Engineering (BEng).

Top 10 Computer Science Universities in Canada

University of British Columbia

Finally, the University of British Columbia completes the list. They have a breathtaking location and a top-notch computer science program. This university is known for both of these things. The university’s Department of Computer Science was founded in 1968 and is one of Canada’s most prestigious research centers. It is possible to pursue a Combined Major in Business and Computer Science for undergraduates. The University of British Columbia is a great place to study computer science because of its vast and diversified student body, excellent location, and high reputation.

University of Toronto

The University of Toronto is the next stop on our tour. Over the past half-century. In the QS World University Rankings, the university is consistently ranked among the world’s top 25 computer science institutions, but this year it managed to get into the top 10. According to a recent report, the percentage of international students at the University of Toronto is predicted to reach 20% by 2021/

University of Waterloo

In Canada, the top computer science program is a three-way tie! This is the first university to be mentioned. With more than 70 courses to select from, and more than 80 industry experts on staff. As a student at college, students can earn up to two years of paid job experience through co-op. There are hundreds of local enterprises looking for computer scientists.

McGill University

At McGill University came in at number four on the list of the best institutions and colleges in Canada. More than 100 master’s degree students and 60 Ph.D. students make up McGill’s School of Computer Science.There are 10 computer science programs at McGill, including the opportunity of working on a paid work term to get significant real-world experience. It’s hard to argue with the university’s location, which is ranked among the top six student cities in the world by QS.

University of Alberta

The University of Alberta’s Department of Computing Science is one of the largest in the country. A decade before the first personal computer was released, it was formed. Robotics, artificial intelligence, and computer graphics are all examples of these are just a few of the topics covered by the department today. Even a few of the world’s most famous people’s fastest computers have been developed at the University of Alberta. As a side note, a team of computer scientists from the University of Alberta has developed technology for supercomputers used by the US government.

University of Montreal

What if science could tell you that, by the year 2050, your house will be at considerable risk of flooding due to climate change? This is what Scientists at the University of Montreal are making an effort to do just. Students at abilities Mobile and wireless communication, animated film and television, and robotics are just a handful of the fields in which graduates find work after graduation.

Simon Fraser University

If you’re looking to get into computer science and don’t think Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia is your top choice, you’d be wrong. The award-winning research facilities at Simon Fraser University are known around the world. An estimated 19% of the university’s students are from outside the United States. Zhejiang University in China is a unique partner in the computer science curriculum.

University of Victoria

It’s not just the mildest climate in Canada. The University of Victoria understands how many opportunities students have with a computer science degree. Students can participate after graduating, students must participate in the department’s co-op program in order to gain the requisite work experience. With the use of cutting-edge technologies like machine learning and software, students can form meaningful connections with business leaders development.

University of Calgary

Students By addressing issues, researchers at the University of Calgary are hoping to mold the future of augmented reality. Volunteering at the university’s leading research labs or taking a research course are two other ways that students interested in computer science research can gain practical experience. The University of Calgary has a large number of computer science students (UC). In addition to medical and veterinary occupations, law and education are popular choices for graduates.

McMaster University

It is no surprise that the Faculty of Engineering at McMaster University oversees the computer science degree. As a result, students will learn about information systems architecture and database creation, in addition to programming. This university in Hamilton, Ontario, is renowned for its mechatronics and software engineering programs, as well as eHealth specialties. Best of all, graduates of McMaster may look forward to a promising career. Within two years of graduating, all computer science graduates are employed, a remarkable statistic.

Eligibility

In Canada, a two-year master’s degree in computer science is standard. Jobs such as, and many more are all possible with an M.Eng. or MS in Computer Science from a Canadian university. Below, we’ve listed all of Canada’s requirements for computer science graduate admissions:

• 4 years of undergraduate studies in the appropriate discipline.
• A cumulative grade point average of at least 75% during the final four semesters or the whole bachelor’s degree program.
• To be considered for a master’s degree program, an applicant must have passed the university’s specific entrance exam.
• Work experience in the selected master’s field for at least one year.
• scores on standardized tests of English linguistic ability.
• A copy of one’s official academic record.
• If available, a diploma or certificate from previously completed part-time courses.

Cost of Studying

According to several sources, the annual tuition for a Bachelor in Computer Science in Canada ranges from CAD 1,535 to 55,500  Hence, we hope that this blog has helped you discover the best colleges in Canada for Computer Science courses, with the top institutions in Canada for Computer Science on the list provided. Leverage Edu professionals can help you discover a degree program and university in Canada that suits your needs, as well as guide you through the application process to guarantee that you get shortlisted!

Cost of Living

Between 850 CAD to 1,575 CAD per month, students must also pay for their living expenses. The majority of students’ expenses come from housing, which can cost anywhere from $4,000 to $8,750 per year depending on whether you live on or off campus.

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SY0-601 + CompTIA Security Certification is the entry level IT exam for candidates who want to earn cybersecurity knowledge. The learning path of the complete exam is divided into various domains. Candidates will gain the necessary skills to identify risks by troubleshooting a security framework with different security threats.

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Cryptography is the study of data security through Encryption technique, which describe the encryption process and techniques used.

A cipher is an algorithm which is used to encrypt or decrypt the data. Plain text is converted in cipher text with help of this. The transforming process is performed using a key.

This key is like a pattern to encrypt the data. If we wanted to decrypt the data then we need to reverse the process.

Example:

Consider A is represented as D, and B is represented as E, it means all alphabets are replaced with the third subsequent alphabet. Then Apple will be written as:

A = D

P = S

P = S

L = 0

E = H

So, apple in plain text before encryption is APPLE.

This idea or algorithm to replace the alphabet with third subsequent alphabet is known as Cipher.

The third subsequent letter is used to encrypt the data, this secret is considered as a key.

If we want to use this above-mentioned cipher then we must know the rules and the key.

Types of Ciphers in Cryptography

Mainly there are two types of Cipher as given below:

1. Block Ciphers
2. Traditional Ciphers

Block Ciphers

These are new technologies. In this a text block is transformed or replaced with a cipher text block instead of single character transformation.

These are again divided in three categories:

• P-Box
• S-Box
• Product Block

P-Box or Permutation Box

Transformation or transposition is performed on bit level.

Plaintext is transformed with digital Bits such as 1 and 0.

The size should be similar in both plain text or cipher text.

S-Box or Substitution Box

Substitution is performed at bit level. It contains three things:

• Decoder: Decoder transform n-bit into 2n bit structure.
• P-Box: P-box perform permutation on this decoded data.
• Encoder: The encoder is used to transform the permuted data into cipher text.

Product Block

If we want more reliable and secure cipher then we can combine P-Box and S-Box to create new cipher, known as Product Block.

It applies both the processing on the plain text for transformation into cipher text.

Also Read: Types of Cryptography

Traditional Ciphers

These are the earlier ciphers. These have simple mechanism. Most of traditional ciphers use single alphabet or character as a unit for transformation. Means one plain text alphabet is replaced with one cipher text alphabet.

These are again divided in two categories:

• Substitution Cipher
• Transposition Cipher

Substitution Ciphers

As name implies the current letter, character, alphabet, number, bit is replaced by some other letter, character, alphabet, number, bit as well. The replacement maybe applied on a single character or a block of characters. let’s look at their sub parts:

1. Monoalphabetic Cipher

Single character is replaced with single alternate character throughout the whole data set. For example, if for a particular data set A is considered as H, then at everyplace letter A is used, that will be replaced with H.

This is an easy method but to find the key is very difficult so this is a good cipher.

Even we can arrange the whole alphabet set to new alternate values as given below:

Example:

Plain text: Cipher is an algorithm.

Cipher text: PVCUREVFNANYTBEVGUZ.

2. Polyalphabetic Cipher

In this Vigenere square or Vigenere table is used.

In this table multiple alternates are existing for single character.

The final alternate is depending on the character and the keyword to encrypt the text.

for transformation a key is also used and this key is different for each dataset.

For example, take a plain text APPLE and the keyword is RIGHT, so now A is used with R, P is used with I, second P is used with G, L is used with H, and E is used with T.

A = R

P = I

P = G

L = H

E = T

Now for convert A go for row A and column R. the cross value is R.

Now repeat the process for all the alphabets so the values are:

A = R

P = X

P = V

L = S

E = X

So, Apple is encrypted as RXVSX.

3. Caesar Cipher

This is very simple. In this each alphabet is replaced with its upcoming third subsequent alphabet.

Example: A is replaced by D, B is replaced by E etc.

let’s transform word Cipher:

C = F

I = L

P = S

H = K

E = H

R = U

So, Cipher is transformed in FLSKHU.

4. Playfair Cipher

In this a Playfair square is used, which is 5 X 5 in size.

Steps are as follows:

• First choose a keyword of your own choice. For example, choose “cipherincryptography” (cipher in cryptography)
• Now enter the characters in the 5 X 5 matrix.
• Avoid the repeated word.
• Fill I and J in one cell.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

• Enter the keyword “cipherincryptography”

• Now enter the remaining alphabets from A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

• Now the matrix is ready.
• For transformation follow the rules:
• Break the given words in alphabet sets. Each set should have 2 alphabets.
• If in any set both alphabets are similar then write the alphabet one time and add X.
• If a single letter is existed then add Z.
• If both alphabets are available in same row, then replace them with their just next right alphabet.
• If both alphabets are available in same column, then replace them with their just next below alphabet.
• If both alphabets are not in same row or same column then swap them with their just right or left alphabets but with other corner of the cube.

For example, choose word Apple:

Apple = AP    PL      EZ

AP = BI (We can choose any either I or J)

PL = IM

EZ = OE

So, Apple is encrypted as BIIMOE.

5. Hill Cipher

This is a complex mathematical algorithm to encrypt the data.

• First apply numbers to alphabets such as:

• Then choose a key matrix (m*n) size.
• Then choose the word to encrypt.
• Break the word in size equal to key matrix.
• Now convert the word matrix in number matrix.
• Now find the cipher matrix by using this formula:
• C = KP mod 26

Here C = cipher matrix

K = key matrix.

P = word matrix

• now transform the cipher matrix into word matrix.
• Follow the process for the whole data set.

Example: We choose word Apple to transform. Convert the alphabets into numbers from the above-mentioned table.

The size of word matrix is equal to the size of key matrix. Hence 1 X 2.

Now choose a keyword:

We choose CELL as key word.

Plot it in matrix. Cell has four characters so the matrix will be 2 X 2 in size as given:

Now convert it into number matrix:

Repeat the process for other two word matrix.

The final transformation will be look like this:

So, this is the method of Hill cipher. It’s quite lengthy and complex.

6. One-time Pad

It is similar like substitution cipher but here original alphabets are replaced with the same size keyword. Means size of plain text and keyword is similar. The keywords are generated on random basis. Each keyword used once only.

It is impossible to crack the code due to multiple combinations.

Transposition Cipher

In this the order of the given word is being changed. The given words are placed in a m*n matrix, and then the alphabets are replaced with the subsequent alphabet. The interval is chosen as per the key.

For example:

Transposition cipher is tough and the secret random key chosen is 6. Now create a matrix with 6 column and required rows.

And place the given string in it.

Now our key is 6, so replace T with subsequent 6 alphabet in the given matrix.

So, T = O

Now change the whole string with the same procedure.

Plain Text                                      Cipher Text

Transposition cipher is tough = OSITIONCIPHERISTOUGHTRANSP

Additional Ciphers

1. Polygraphic Cipher

It is similar as substitute cipher, but in this plain text blocks are replaced with cipher text blocks instead of individual letters or characters.

The plain text is divided in larger groups. Each group is replaced with same size cipher text block.

Playfair and Hill cipher are the example.

2. Permutation Ciphers

This is quite opposite of substitute ciphers. In this the plaintext is rearranged in any possible order.

Permutation simple means rearrange the order of characters and alphabets in plain text.

Example:

Hey is a plaintext. Now find its permutations:

H E Y are three letters so number of total possible permutation is:

3 X 2 X 1 = 6

So, let’s find these 6 permutations manually by rearrange the order.

• Hey
• Eyh
• Yhe
• Hye
• Ehy
• Yeh

Now we can use any permutation instead of Hey. This is permutation cipher.

3. Private-key Cryptography

In this method a Private key is used for encryption and decryption.

This key should be same for the encryption or decryption of the same text or data.

This key is shared between the sender and receiver of the text.

4. Public-key Cryptography

In this method two different keys are used for encryption and decryption.

First key is used to encrypt the plain text into cipher text. This key is called the Public key.

Second key is used to decrypt the cipher text into plain text. This key is called private key.

Here we tried to cover all popular types of ciphers in cryptography. In case you have any queries or suggestions please mention in the comment section below.

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Dennis Ritchie, a computer scientist is most popularly known for creating the C programming language. Dennis grew up in Brooklyn, New York, and attended ‘Summit High School’ in Summit, New Jersey. He was a star student in the classroom, earning consistently good grades.

He went on to study applied mathematics and physics at Harvard University. When he started working at Bell Labs in 1967, he began working on his PhD. However, he was not able to complete his education. At Bell Labs he made friends with Ken Thompson and together they began developing the ‘Multics’ operating system. Dennis invented the programming language ‘C’ and the operating system ‘Unix’ while working at the University of California, Berkeley.

Over time, Unix operating system gained popularity, and C programming language became the most widely used. Dennis and his colleague Ken Thompson received a ‘Turing Award’ in 1983 for their contributions to computer science field. Along with the “National Medal of Technology,” Dennis and Ken were honored with Japan’s “Japan Prize for Information and Communications Technology.”

Childhood & Early Life

Alistair E. Ritchie and Jean McGee Ritchie welcomed Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie into the world on September 9, 1941, in Bronxville, a wealthy New York City neighborhood. Bill and John were his older brothers, and he also had a sister named Lynn as a younger sibling. During Dennis’s childhood, his father had worked for a company called Bell Labs for many years.

Among the scientific world, he was well-known for his contributions in the field of electrical engineering. Co-authoring the book on switching circuit design was another notable accomplishment for him. Dennis’s mother was a stay-at-home mom who raised him in that role. Dennis was just a few years old when his family relocated to Summit, New Jersey. At the ‘Summit High School,’ Dennis began his education. He’d been curious about his father’s job since he was an adolescent.

He was a talented student in his own right. High school grades were strong enough to get him into Harvard University, which is known for its applied mathematics and physics programs. During high school, he developed an interest in computer science. When he was in high school, he heard a presentation that demonstrated how ‘Univac I’, Harvard’s first computer system, was used. Seeing Dennis’s reaction piqued his interest in computers. Amidst his studies at ‘Harvard,’ he became interested in computers.

Career & Development of C

While working at MIT, Dennis discovered that computers at the time were enormous, and that a single computer occupied nearly the entire room. He began developing an operating system for handheld computers. There were no operating systems available for the few tiny computers that were built. As a result of Dennis’s efforts, a computer program for personal computers was born. He wanted to reduce the size of a computer without compromising its functionality.

Many institutions, including MIT, Honeywell, and GE, came out in support of his initiative. The cooperation of many scientists and computer experts was also critical to Dennis’s success. After he graduated from Harvard, his project was over. He was certain that he wanted to work in computer science rather than physics. His outstanding portfolio made it easy for him to get hired at Bell Labs.

Bell Labs was one of the world’s most advanced research facilities in 1967. This had been his father’s place of employment for a long time. A telephone service provider named after Graham Bell at the time of its establishment in the United States. Many computer-related breakthroughs were made possible because to the work done at this facility. However, there was no computer related professional degree at the time. To help him learn on the job, Dennis began working with more experienced computer scientists.

Another young computer scientist, Ken Thompson, had joined Bell Labs around the same time Dennis did. Dennis and Ken worked together and became friends. When the C programming language was introduced, it was a game changer. All but a handful of computer programmers now use it. Most modern computer programs are written in C since it was so advanced for its time.

C is a very simple programming language, but it is well-structured and modular, making it ideal for creating computer programs. By the mid-1980s, it had become a widely used programming language throughout the world, with many major multinational corporations (MNCs) switching to C. When Bell Labs was rebranded Lucent Technologies in 1990, Dennis was hired to lead the Computing Techniques Research Department.

New computer programs were written by him, and he was in charge of the rapid expansion of the operating systems that were previously available. There are numerous accolades and honors that Dennis has received throughout his career.

Family, Personal Life & Death

Dennis Ritchie never had a wife or a family of his own. His death occurred at his residence in New Jersey on the 12th of October, 2011. Heart disease and prostate cancer were ravaging him. When he died, he was 70 years old. The passing of Steve Jobs, who had died a week earlier, overshadowed news of Jobs death.

C’s development was made possible by Dennis’s lack of a solid educational background, which allowed him to investigate all possibilities, even those that went outside the boundaries of conventional schooling. He probably wouldn’t have pushed outside his comfort zone if he had a computing background.

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Bjarne Stroustrup, a Danish computer scientist, was born in Copenhagen on December 30, 1950. His contributions to the C++ programming language and its implementation earned him the lion’s share of his fame. He maintains two careers simultaneously, one as a visiting lecturer at Columbia University and the other as a managing director at Morgan Stanley in New York.

Because of his interest in microprogramming and machine design. From Kristen Nygaard, the original developer of object-oriented programming, he acquired its principles. In 1979, he graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy degree in computer science from Cambridge University.

In addition to being an honorary professor at the University of Aarhus, he is also an honorary fellow of Churchill’s Institute. Between the years 1995 and 2002, Dr. Stroustrup oversaw department’s operations in the field of large-scale programming Texas A&M University’s Chair Professor of Computer Science also serves as a faculty member at AT&T Labs–Research Information and Systems Software Research Laboratory, where he teaches computer science.

Personal Life

Bjarne Stroustrup is a family man who is married and has children. He is married to Marian Stroustrup, the woman he has spent the most of his life with. They are parents of Annemarie Stroustrup and Nicholas Stroustrup, both of whom are their children. One might say that he is the kind of person who has spent their whole life working on and developing things that would help future generations.

This describes the sort of person that he is. In addition to this, he is quite protective of the privacy of his personal life and is anxious about how others would see him in general. This gentleman is kind, and he treasures the time he gets to spend with his loved ones.

Early Life and Education

Stroustrup was born in the city of Aarhus in Denmark. His parents were in the working class, therefore they enrolled him in the local public schools. He got themaster’s degree from Aarhus University in mathematics and computer science. The design of machines and microprogramming piqued his curiosity.

Kristen Nygaard, the program’s designer, was a frequent visitor to Aarhus and taught him the principles of object-oriented programming, where it was earned under the supervision of David Wheeler. His studies concentrated on distributed computer systems and the means through which its components may interact with one another.

Career

His parents were in the working class, therefore they enrolled him in the local public schools. Stroustrup started his career in the field of computer. During his time at the university, he started his education in C++ and other programming talents. Since the beginning of the Large-scale Programming Research department until the very end of 2002, Stroustrup served as the department’s leader and was in control of its operations.

He was promoted to the position of University Distinguished Professor in 2011. Since January 2014, Stroustrup has held the position of visiting adjunct professor at the computer science department at Columbia University, in addition to his work at Morgan Stanley’s technology division in New York City as a technical fellow and managing director.

Prior to the year 2002, he held the position of director of the large-scale programming research unit at AT&T Bell Labs. Following his tenure as a fellow at Bell Labs in 1993, he was promoted to the position of AT&T Fellow in 1996.

C++

Stroustrup is most well-known for the work he did on the C++ programming language. C++ was originally developed by him in 1979, and ever since then, it has seen consistent development and improvement (initially called “C with Classes”). He was the one who expressed it in this manner: “built the original implementation of C++ based on his own ideas and conceptions. design requirements, constructed all of C++’s core capabilities, and was responsible for the processing of extension proposals in the C++ standards committee.” C++ was first made available to the public in 1985 and has since gained significant traction.

Before widespread availability of Internet connection, shipping charges in the amount of $75 USD were fronted as a charitable contribution in exchange for Stroustrup’s C++ Programming Language was published as a book the same year it was first made available, in 1985. Simula-inspired C++ offers a broad variety of abstraction techniques that can be efficiently translated to computer hardware and can be done so in a straightforward manner.

Software development was revolutionised as a result of the ability to apply a broad variety of methodologies. This made it feasible to create software in a more efficient manner. Even though they have been around for a long time, programming languages such as C++ are still widely used in a variety of fields. These fields include general system programming, computer, a wide range of applications include graphics, graphical user interfaces (GUI), embedded systems, financial systems, aviation, and scientific calculation.

Programming languages such as C++ are among the most widely used in the world. Its influence can be felt around the globe, not only in the C++ community where it was developed. Over the course of twenty-four years, he served as chairman of a committee that was responsible for.

Honours and Distinctions

Over the course of his illustrious career, Stroustrup has been honoured with a number of prestigious awards, including IET faraday medal. He was granted fellowships from the ACM and the IEEE in addition to his membership in the NAE. In recognition of his many accomplishments in the field of electronic design, Stroustrup is the author of a large number of books and articles, the most notable of which are 2019 was the year that the University Carlos III of Spain bestowed an honorary degree upon him.

Fellowships

1. Following his selection in 2004, he was inducted into the National Academy of Engineers.
2. An ACM Fellow since 1994, when I was elected to that honorary title.
3. In 1994, he was presented with the IEEE Fellow Award, which is the organization’s highest honour.
4. Computer History Museum Fellow in 2015 for contributions to C++ programming language innovation.
5. In 2017, Churchill College in Cambridge bestowed upon me the title of Honorary Fellow.

Doctorates and Professorships Conferred with Honour

1. The University of Carlos III of Spain awarded him an honorary degree in 2019.
2. Since 2013, Dr. Stroustrup has been a moral doctor at ITMO University.

His Books

1. A Tutorial on the C++ Programming Language
2. Programming in C++: Theoretical Foundations and Real-World Applications
3. How to Write Programs Using the C++ Language
4. C++: The Evolution of Its Programming Language
5. The Annotated Reference Manual for the C++ Programming Language

These books are currently accessible in translation in a total of twenty-one different languages at this time.

Facts That May Interesting to Know

1. As a consequence of his significant contributions to the disciplines of computing and information, Upsilon Pi Epsilon bestowed upon him the Golden Abacus Award in the year 2013.
2. In 1990, Bjarne Stroustrup was selected by Fortune Magazine as one of the best 12 young scientists in the United States. Among those who were recognised for their Claude Shannon, a mathematician, engineer, and cryptographer, made significant contributions.
3. He used programming methodologies in a variety of contexts, including general systems programming, switching, simulation, graphics, user interfaces, embedded systems, and scientific calculations.

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In this article, we will write a program in python that will check if a string is an integer or not.

We will create a function that will take a string as input and returns a Boolean value (true or false) based on the condition if it is an integer or not. We will take the input from the user and call the function. After storing the result, we will print on the console whether the string is an integer or not.

If all the characters of an inputted string are between ‘0’ and ‘9’, then it means that the string is an integer.

For Example:

123, It is an Integer because all the characters are between 0 and 9.

35446554667876832, It is also an Integer because all the characters are between 0 and 9 only.

234t5, It is not an Integer because it contains a character ‘t’ which is not between 0 and 9.

If any character is not following the rule, then we can consider that the string is not an Integer.

# Function to check if a string is Integer of Not
def checkInteger(str1):
    """
    Function to returns if a string is Integer or Not
    Input : String value
    Output : Boolean Value ( True or False )
    """
    length = len(str1) # Find the length of the string
    # loop from 0 to length - 1 
    for i in range(0, length):
        # if the character is not greater than 0 and less than 9
        # it means that the string contains any alphabetic character
        # so it is not an integer. In this case return False
        # otherwise return True after checking all the characters
        if (not (str1[i] >= '0' and str1[i] <= '9')):
            return False

    return True

# Take string as input from the user
str1 = input("Enter a String : ")

# Call the function and store the result
result = checkInteger(str1)

# If result is True then print that it is an integer
# Else print that it is not an Integer
if (result):
    print(f"{str1} is an Integer")
else:
    print(f"{str1} is not an Integer")

Testcase 1: When the input is 123.

Output:

PS C : \ Users \ ASUS \ Desktop \ Crazy Programmer Work > python -u " c : \ Users \ ASUS \ Desktop \ Crazy Programmer Work \ test.py "
Enter a String : 123
123 is an Integer

Testcase 2: When the input is 236r.

Output:

PS C : \ Users \ ASUS \ Desktop \ Crazy Programmer Work > python -u " c : \ Users \ ASUS \ Desktop \ Crazy Programmer Work \ test.py "
Enter a String : 236r
236r is not an Integer

If all the characters of a string are between 0 and 9 then we can say that the string is an integer otherwise it is not considered an integer. We have seen the program for the same where we created a function that takes a string as input and tells us if the string is an integer or not.

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You’ll need a degree in computer science from a UK university if you want to shape businesses and organizations. As a result of new software and development kits and new programs, you’ll be able to learn more about IT and game creation. Several departments in the UK’s universities conduct computer science research for the world’s major companies. We’re going to learn about everything from database architecture to network systems and internet infrastructure to cutting-edge technologies like virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and app development in our computer science programs. The United Kingdom has been a driving force in the development of computing, and it will continue to do so in the 21st century.

Connect to An Inspiring Career

You’ll find some of the greatest instruction in the world in the UK, as well as some of the most promising career pathways if you choose to study computer science here. Computer science graduates have better job chances than ever before. A quarter of workers in the UK’s most populous cities work in the tech sector, which is currently seeing a surge due to the worldwide epidemic. In the field of software development, there is a constant stream of new job openings. Computer science degrees from the United Kingdom are highly sought after, with advertised positions rising by 36% during the summer of 2020, and the UK’s IT sector is worth an estimated £180 billion and the worldwide digital economy $11.5 trillion.

What to Expect?

World-class Teaching Spaces

In addition to providing you with the support and encouragement you need, our outstanding faculty is adept at making even the most difficult concepts understandable and relevant to your everyday life. With state-of-the art computer laboratories, you’ll be able to practice your abilities on the most current software and hardware.

Get the Transferable Skills You Need

Employers value a wide range of abilities and attributes, which is why all courses in the United Kingdom are structured to help you develop the technical proficiency, numeracy, and theoretical understanding necessary to succeed in the workforce. Every day, you’ll improve your written and spoken English skills as well as your ability to interact with others in a group setting.

Work Experience

When you study in the UK, you’ll have access to an extensive network of industry contacts. In addition to regular guest speakers, students have the opportunity to spend a full year working in the industry during their studies. The benefit of this is that you’ll get a taste of working in the real world long before you’ve earned your degree.

Compete at the Highest Level

Nearly three-quarters of all UK computer science graduates find work within six months after graduation. The most prevalent positions are in IT, retail and wholesale, and manufacturing, but you can specialize in anything from game creation to forensic investigation if you have the right interests.

Top 10 Computer Science Universities in UK

1. University of Oxford

The University of Oxford is regarded as one of the world’s most prestigious and storied institutions of learning. When teaching began in 1096, there is no specific foundation date. Oxford’s public research institution, the University of Oxford, has its main campus in Wellington Square. There are 39 institutions of higher education that are financially independent and self-governed.

2. University of Cambridge

A public research institution in the United Kingdom, Cambridge University was established in 1209 and is the oldest of the country’s public research universities (UK). As the second-oldest institution in English-speaking countries, In addition to the over 11,000 faculty and staff members and the 31 colleges, 150 departments, schools, faculties, and establishments that make up the university’s student body of over 20,000, it also has more than 11,000 students.

3. Imperial College London

Imperial College London in the United Kingdom includes eight campuses, one of which being the well-known Charing Cross campus. 1823 saw the establishment of the Charing Cross Hospital Medical School, which later became Imperial College London. The Royal College of Science, the Royal College of Chemistry, and the St Mary’s Hospital Medical School were all established before the university could be founded, and they all helped pave the way. In 1887, the Imperial Institute opened its doors as a non-profit educational institution. Prior to being an independent and autonomous teaching and research institution, the university was a part of the University of London. Times Higher Education (THE) has Imperial College London at 11th in its subject-specific 2022 World University Rankings.

4. University College London (UCL)

The Knowledge Quarter of London. The Alan Turing Institute, Google, the Wellcome Trust, and the British Museum are all located in the zone. Students from 150+ countries are enrolled in 650+ master’s degree programs at the university founded in 1826. The university was ranked 22nd in the world in the 2022 edition of the Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings.

5. The University of Edinburgh

The University of Edinburgh was founded in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1583. The University of Edinburgh in the United Kingdom has produced some of the most influential figures of the past and the present. There are three colleges within the university that oversee 21 other institutions. Cross-disciplinary research opportunities abound at all three institutions. At number 25, The Times Higher Education (THE) has ranked Edinburgh as a top world university for 2022, based on the subject matter.

6. University of Southampton

Located in the United Kingdom, the Institution of Southampton is a public research university. The Russell Group’s earliest member, the university dates back to its foundation in 1862. Hartley Institution was the original name of the University of Southampton, which received its royal charter from Queen Elizabeth II in 1952, over a century after it was founded. Currently, the institution has five campuses in Southampton, one in Winchester, and one in Malaysia. The university’s cutting-edge research is having an impact all around the world.

7. University of Birmingham

Selly Oak and Edgbaston are the locations of the two campuses where the University of Birmingham is located. For more than a century, the University of Birmingham has been associated with cutting-edge research and education. Alumni and employees include ten Nobel Prize winners. It is part of the Russell Group. The University of Cambridge was the country’s first civic university when it opened its doors in 1900. They are part of the Russell Group, the Universitas 21, and Universities UK. They are also affiliated with EUA, ACU, and Sutton 13. With the addition of a new campus in Dubai, the facility has grown to 672 acres. Every year, the institution accepts more than 30,000 international students.

8. Queen Mary University of London

Public research university the Queen Mary University of London is located in the United Kingdom. The university’s roots can be traced back as far as 1785. Open doors of opportunity and better people’s lives have been the university’s mission since its founding. The university has remained committed to its founders’ vision even after all these years. In today’s universities, students from all over the world are enrolled. At the Queen Mary University of London, research and instruction go hand in hand.

9. University of Bristol

Government-funded University of Bristol is a major educational center in the United Kingdom’s southwest region. Established in 1876, the institution is a leading provider of higher learning and cutting-edge research. As a result, university students have access to cutting-edge facilities and highly qualified faculty members. It is possible to earn over 600 undergraduate and graduate degrees from this institution. In the United Kingdom, it is part of the Russell Group.

10. The University of Manchester

Manchester, the UK’s second-largest city and home to the University of Manchester, is a renowned public research university. The University of Manchester, which was founded in 2004, provides a wide range of educational and research possibilities for students from throughout the world.

Benefits of Studying Computer Science in the UK

Choosing to study computer science in the United Kingdom has numerous advantages. Having a degree in the industry will help you develop a successful job in the future. The best institutions in the UK for computer science provide cutting-edge programs where you can sharpen your skills. Students can choose from a variety of study schedules, including full-time and part-time choices that allow them to attend classes together, separately, or in any combination.

Placement services are available through some colleges, and many universities now offer M.Sc. degrees in computer science as part of their regular curriculum. Artificial intelligence (AI), advanced computing, mathematical modeling, scientific computing, robotics and visual computing, electronics and computer science, cyber security, and more are all areas of computer science that are studied in the United Kingdom. Information and technology companies from around the world have been flocking to Britain, creating a steady stream of jobs. This means that there will be a greater need for highly-skilled graduates, as well as a greater need for research and development in the field. As a result, the UK is a great place to obtain significant experience and guidance in the sector.

Graduate Computer Science Careers and Salary

Computer science graduates have a wide range of job opportunities, including system analysts, independent consultants, software developers, programmers, and data analysts and managers. Graduates can expect entry-level programming jobs, training programs, and opportunities to work on projects alongside more junior members of their teams. With the demand for expertise in a wide range of businesses, computer science graduates have a wide range of options when it comes to finding employment.

• The typical wage for a new professional is £25,000.
• A non-starting professional’s salary: £16,500.

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If a number p is fully divisible by another number q, then q is said to be a factor of p. Here q will be greater than 1 and less than or equal to p.

So, if a number p is fully divisible by another number q and q is a prime number then q is said to be a prime factor of p.

Prime numbers are those numbers that are only divisible by 1 and themselves. In this article, we will see the code to find the prime factors of a number.

For example:

If we take 5, then prime factors will be:

5 = 5

5 is the only prime factor of 5.

If we take 20, then prime factors will be:

20 = 2 * 2 * 5

If we take 210, then prime factors will be:

210 = 2 * 3 * 5 * 7

Now let’s see the code of this problem. In this code, we will be creating two functions. The first function will help us to know if a number is prime or not. And the second function will help us to print the prime factor of a number.

def isPrime(n):
    """
    Function to return if a number is prime or not
    Input : A Number
    Output : Boolean Value True or False
    """

    # If the Number is less than 2, then returns False
    if n < 2:
        return False
    
    # loop from 2 to n-1, if between this range n is divided by any number 
    # then return False 
    # else return true in the end.
    for i in range(2, n):
        if (n % i == 0):
            return False

    return True

# Function to print the prime factors of a number.
def primeFactor(n):
    """
    Function to print the prime factors of a number.
    Input : Number
    Output : None. It will print the prime factors from the function only.

    """
    if (n < 2):
        print("No Prime Factors")
        return

    i = 2
    # Loop while i is not equal to n
    while (i < n+1):
        # if n is divisible by i and i is a prime number then we have to 
        # print the vlaue of i and update the value of n by dividing it by i.
        # else we just have to increment the value of i by 1.
        if (n % i == 0 and isPrime(i)):
            print(i) # print the value of i
            n = n / i # update the value of n
        else:
            i += 1 # Increase the value of i by 1

# Take the number as input from user in the string format
number = input("Enter the Number : ")

# Convert the string datatype into integer datatype
number = int(number)

# Call the function to print the prime factors of the inputted number
print("Prime Factor : ")
primeFactor(number)

Testcase 1: When the input is 100.

Output:

PS C : \ Users \ ASUS \ Desktop \ Crazy Programmer Work > python -u " c : \ Users \ ASUS \ Desktop \ Crazy Programmer Work \ test.py "
Enter the Number : 100
Prime Factor : 
2
2
5
5

Testcase 2: When the Input is 270270.

Output:

PS C : \ Users \ ASUS \ Desktop \ Crazy Programmer Work > python -u " c : \ Users \ ASUS \ Desktop \ Crazy Programmer Work \ test.py "
Enter the Number : 270270
Prime Factor : 
2
3
3
3
5
7
11
13

We have used two functions to create the whole program.

The first function will tell us if a number is prime or not. It takes an integer and returns a Boolean value (True or false).

The second function will help to print the prime factors of a number. It will take an integer as input and print all the prime factors of that input. It returns None because all the printing is done within the function only.

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