BENDULA ANIL KUMAR

Alan Mathison Turing was a British computer scientist, Mathematician, and Logic philosopher. He was born on 23 June in the year 1912 in Maida vale London, England. Alan’s father’s name was Julius Mathison Turing. His mother’s name was Ethel Sara. Ethel was the daughter of Edward Stony, chief engineer of Madras Railway. His father was a civil servant. And his grandfather had been a general in Bengal Army.

He completed his schooling at a top private school. In the year 1926, he entered Sherborn school, an independent boarding school in Sherborn. Alan was naturally too good in mathematics. To study mathematics Alan entered the University of Cambridge in the year 1931. He got his Ph.D. degree from the department of mathematics at Princeton University in the year 1938.

Relation with Marcom Christopher

Alan and Christopher were friends from school at Sherborne and were described as Alan’s first love. In the year 1930 Christopher died because of bovine tuberculosis. After this event, Alan went into deep sorrow. To reduce his grief he worked hard on the topics of Mathematics and science. Even after Christopher’s death, Alan remained in contact with his mother through letters.

Breaking Enigma Code

At the time of the second world war, Alan was the main participant in breaking German Enigma ciphers at Bletchley Park. Bletchley Park was the British government’s wartime HQ. Asa Briggs a historian and wartime codebreaker once said that Alan was a genius.

Enigma was more like a typewriter, battery-powered and highly portable. It combined electrical and mechanical components. It was a cipher device developed by a German engineer in the 1920s after world war 1st. It was used by all branches of the German military in world war second.

In the year 1938, he worked on government code and Cypher school, the British codebreaking organization. He and Dilly Knox, a senior codebreaker were engaged in the Enigma cipher machine used by Nazi Germany.

Personal Life

Alan proposed marriage to his colleague Joan Clarke in the year 1941. She was a mathematician and cryptanalyst working at Hut 8. When Alan admitted that he was homosexual their engagement broke. After this event, Alan decided that he could not go through this relationship.

Sexuality and Conviction

Alan started a relationship with Arnold Murray in the year 1952. At this time Alan’s age was 39 and Arnold was 19 years old. Alan met him outside the Regal cinema and invited him for lunch. Alan’s house was burglarised on 23rd January. Murray admitted that he and the thief were cognizant. After knowing it Alan reported it to the crime police. In this investigation, he accepted the sexual relationship with Arnold. At that time homosexual acts were a crime in the United Kingdom. Alan and Arnold were charged with gross indecency under section 11 of 1885. On 31 march 1952, the case Regina vs Alan and Arnold was brought to trial. Alan Turing was convicted, and after that, he was given the choice between imprisonment and probation.

He chose probation, his probation was conditional on his agreement to go through chemical castration. He accepted having an injection of a synthetic estrogen called stilboestrol. All these things were continued for the course of one year. Consequently, this treatment rendered Alan impotent, and breast tissue formed in his body.

Death

Alan Turing died on 8 June 1954 at his house. His housekeeper first saw him dead. Alan died one day before his birthday because of Cyanide poisoning.

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Slider is a very important part of any website or web project. Here are some simple image slider examples that I handpicked from various sites. These are built by different developers using basic HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Some are manual while others have auto-slide functionality. You can find the source code for each by clicking on the code button or on the image.

1. Very Simple Slider

2. Popout Slider

3. Really Simple Slider

4. Jquery Simple Slider

5. Manual Slideshow

6. Slideshow Indicators

7. Simple Responsive Fullscreen Slider

8. Responsive Image Slider

9. Simple Image Slider

10. Slicebox – 3D Image Slider

I hope these simple image sliders are helpful for you. For any queries, you can ask in the comment section below.

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Charles Babbage was a great Mathematician, Inventor, and Mechanical Engineer. He originated the big idea of a digital programmable computer. Charles is considered “The Father of Computer”. Charles invented the first Mechanical computer.

Early Life and Education

Charles Babbage was born on 26 November 1791 in London, England. His father’s name was Benjamin Babbage and his mother’s name was Betsy Plumleigh. His family moved into the old Rowden house in East Teignmouth in the year 1808. Charles was sent to a country school in Alphington when he was only eight years old. After some time he joined the 30-student Holmwood Academy. This academy had a library that motivated Charles toward mathematics. When Charles was 16 or 17, he returned home to attend Totnes school. Later he went to Trinity College, Cambridge in the year 1810. Charles’s wife’s name was Georgiana. He had eight children’s but only four survived childhood. And his wife also died on 1 September 1827.

Name	Charles Babbage
Father	Benjamin Babbage
Mother	Betsy Plumleigh
Birthdate	26 November 1791
Death	18 October 1871
Wife	Georgiana
Known for	Difference Engine
Awards	Gold medal of the Royal Astronomical Society

In 1812 or 1813 first time he thought about mechanically calculating mathematical tables. Charles was a member of The Ghost Club investigating supernatural phenomena. Charles arrived at Peterhouse, Cambridge in the year 1812. After some time he made a calculator. This calculator could do mathematical computations to eight decimals.

Difference and Analytical Engine

After some years he got support from the government to design a Difference Engine with approx 20 decimal capacity. This device was a digital device. It had data storage also like modern computers. To develop Mechanical Engineering techniques Babbage devoted himself. From 1828 to 1839, he worked as a maths professor at the University of Cambridge. In the year 1833 all designs and constructions ceased because Joseph Clement, the machinist refused to work due to some reason.

In the middle of the 1830s, Charles planned to develop an Analytical Engine. He imagined this device as capable of doing complex arithmetical operations depending upon instructions given by Punch cards, a Memory unit to store numbers, Sequential control, and some other elements of modern digital computers. As in the case of Difference Engine, this project was also very complex.

Later in the year 1843 Ada Lovelace friend of Charles translated the french paper about Analytical Engine and gave her own explanation, and published how it could perform calculations. It was the first computer program. However, Analytical Engine was never completed.

In the year 1937 babbage’s unpublished notebook was discovered. Difference Engine no.2 was built by British scientists in the year 1991 according to Charles’s specifications. And also built a printer for the Difference engine in the year 2000.

Death

Charles Babbage died at the age of 79, on 18 October 1871 at 1 Dorset Street, Marylebone. He lived and worked here for over 40 years.

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Kenneth lane Thompson was born on 4th February 1943 in New Orleans Louisiana, U.S. He is a computer scientist. Thompson worked for a long time at Bell Labs. He designed the original Unix operating system and also implemented it while working at bell labs. Thompson was the co-winner of the Turing award in 1983. He is famous for his work on Unix operating system.

Education and Personal Life

Thompson completed his bachelor’s in 1965 and master’s in 1966 from the University of California, Berkeley. He received bachelor’s and master’s degrees in electrical engineering and computer science.

Ken Thompson is married and he has a son also.

Name	Kenneth lane Thompson
Birth	4th February 1943
Birthplace	New Orleans Louisiana, U.S.
Education	Bachelor’s degree in Sciences (1965) and Master’s Degree (1966)
Nationality	American
Fields	Computer Science

Career and Research

Thompson started work in Bell labs in 1966. Thompson and Dennis Ritchie worked together on Multics operating system at Bell labs. At that time Thompson created a Programming language named Bon. Space travel (a video game) was also created by him. Multics operating system is funded by Advanced Research Projects Agency and developed by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology including Bell labs and General electric co. Later the parent company (AT & T Corporation) of Bell labs withdrew from the Multics project.

He started developing a more flexible operating system for PDP-7 a mini-computer. After a few months, Thompson and Ritchie created Unix. Unix’s name was suggested by Brian Kernighan. In 1970 Thompson invented the B Programming language for Unix with some help from Dennis Ritchie.

Thompson and Robb Pike developed UTF-8 together in 1992. Thompson continued research with Ritchie at Bell labs. Thompson retired from Bell Labs in the year 2000 and started work at Intrisphere. Now Thompson working at Google as a renowned engineer.

When someone asked him how he learned to program then Thompson said that he was always fascinated with logic and even in grade school he had worked on arithmetic problems in binary.

Awards

1. Thompson was elected to the National Academy of Engineering for making Unix (An operating system) in
   the year 1980.
2. Thompson was elected the Member of the National Academy of Science in 1985.
3. Thompson was the co-winner of the Turing Award in the year 1983.
4. Thompson received the IEEE Richard W. Hamming medal from the Institute of Electricals and Electronics Engineers in 1990.
5. Thompson and Ritchie got the National Medal of Technology in the year 1999 for inventing the
   Unix operating system and C language.
6. Ken Thompson received Tsutomu Kanai Award from the Institute of Electricals and Electronics Engineers in 1999.
7. Thompson and Dennis Ritchie were awarded the Japan Prize for Information and communication in the year 2011 for developing the Unix operating system.

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